Fascism Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
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fascism
[ˈfæʃɪzəm ]
Definition
political ideology
Fascism is a far-right authoritarian ultranationalist political ideology and movement characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, as well as strong regimentation of society and the economy. It arose in early 20th-century Europe and is often associated with totalitarian regimes, notably Benito Mussolini's Italy and Adolf Hitler's Germany. Fascism upholds the idea of the supremacy of the state and often promotes the belief in a single, strong leader who embodies the nation's spirit and will. It typically rejects democracy and champions the concept of an aggressive, militarily strong nation. The term is frequently used to describe oppressive government systems that suppress dissent and undermine individual freedoms.
Synonyms
authoritarianism, dictatorship, nationalism, totalitarianism, ultranationalism.
Examples of usage
- Many historians study the rise of fascism in Europe.
- Fascism was responsible for numerous human rights violations.
- The effects of fascism can still be seen in modern politics.
- Opponents of fascism often face severe persecution.
Translations
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Interesting Facts
Historical Origins
- The term 'fascism' originated in Italy in the early 20th century, derived from the Latin word 'fasces,' symbolizing power and authority.
- Benito Mussolini was the first to use the term to describe his political movement, which aimed to create a totalitarian state.
- Fascism emerged in response to social unrest and economic instability after World War I, promising order and national revival.
Political Science
- Fascism often emphasizes nationalism and a strong centralized government, rejecting democracy in favor of authoritarian rule.
- It tends to promote a unified national identity and may employ propaganda, censorship, and violence to suppress opposition.
- Economic control under fascism can include state intervention in the economy while safeguarding private property and corporate interests.
Cultural Impact
- The 20th century saw fascism influencing art and literature, with movements like Futurism celebrating speed, technology, and violence.
- Fascist regimes often tried to reshape culture to align with their ideals, leading to the persecution of artists and thinkers.
Psychology
- Fascism can thrive in societies where fear is prevalent, as it promises security in exchange for personal freedoms.
- Studies suggest that individuals may be drawn to fascism due to a strong desire for belonging and identity within a group.
Global Influence
- Although initially associated with Italy and Germany, fascist-like movements have appeared in various forms around the world throughout history.
- Modern interpretations of fascism often relate to political, economic, and social movements that exhibit authoritarian traits or xenophobia.
Origin of 'fascism'
The term 'fascism' is derived from the Italian word 'fascio', which means a bundle or group, originally referring to a bundle of rods bound around an axe, symbolizing strength through unity. This symbolism can be traced back to ancient Rome, where the 'fasces' represented the authority of the state. Fascism as a political movement emerged in Italy during World War I, primarily under the leadership of Benito Mussolini, who founded the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento in 1919. The ideology gained traction in Italy during the post-war period as a reaction against socialism and communism, promoting a strong nationalist agenda. The term spread to other countries, most notably Germany, where it became associated with Hitler and the Nazi Party. Throughout the 20th century, fascism was characterized by dictatorial power, suppression of dissent, and control over various aspects of life, influencing global politics and leading to significant conflicts, including World War II.