Nationalism: meaning, definitions and examples

Nationalism is often used to describe a strong identification with one’s own nation and a desire for its success or independence. It can sometimes carry a negative connotation if it leads to intolerance of other countries.

• His nationalism made him support policies that prioritized his country's interests over international cooperation.
• The rise of nationalism in the region led to calls for independence.

Patriotism denotes love for and devotion to one's country. It is broader and more positive than nationalism, focusing on values and beliefs rather than superiority or independence.

• His patriotism was evident in his volunteer work and support for national causes.
• Patriotism can unite people in times of crisis, fostering a sense of shared purpose.

National pride is the feeling of pride in one's country, its history, culture, and achievements. It is generally positive and emphasizes a sense of belonging and appreciation without necessarily implying superiority over other nations.

• During the Olympics, national pride is often on full display as citizens cheer for their athletes.
• National pride was evident during the country’s Independence Day celebrations.

Jingoism refers to extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy. It typically has a negative connotation as it implies belligerence and an unwillingness to compromise.

• The politician's jingoism worried many, as it seemed he was promoting conflict over diplomacy.
• In times of international tension, jingoism can escalate conflicts unnecessarily.

Nationalism refers to a strong belief in the importance and value of one's nation, often emphasizing national identity and pride. It's generally neutral and can be positive or negative depending on the context.

• During the national holiday, the feeling of nationalism is at its peak, with people waving flags and celebrating their country
• The politician's speech was filled with nationalism as he talked about the country's achievements

Chauvinism denotes an exaggerated and aggressive form of nationalism, often implying a sense of superiority over others. It usually has a negative connotation.

• He was accused of chauvinism for always belittling other countries while praising his own
• The chauvinistic remarks during the debate made many people uncomfortable

Ultranationalism is an extreme form of nationalism where a person or group promotes their nation's interest above all else, often to the point of being exclusionary or aggressive. This term is generally negative.

• The party's ultranationalism agenda called for strict immigration controls and isolationist policies
• Ultranationalism can lead to international conflicts if not kept in check

Xenophobia is the fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers, often manifesting as distrust or hostility towards people from other countries. It has a strongly negative connotation.

• The rise of xenophobia in the community has led to several hate crimes against immigrants
• His xenophobic attitude made it difficult for him to work in a diverse environment