Jingoism: meaning, definitions and examples

Jingoism is used to describe extreme patriotism, often characterized by aggressive foreign policy or a desire for conflict. It usually implies an unreasonable belief in national superiority.

• The speech was filled with such jingoism that it alarmed neighboring countries.
• His jingoism often led him to support aggressive military actions.

Chauvinism refers to an irrational belief in the superiority or dominance of one's own group or gender. It often carries a negative connotation of bigotry and bias.

• Her remarks were dismissed as mere chauvinism.
• The company's environment was plagued by male chauvinism.

Nationalism is a sense of pride and loyalty to one's nation. It can have positive aspects, such as promoting national unity, but can also lead to exclusionary or xenophobic attitudes.

• Her nationalism inspired her to get involved in community service.
• The government's policies were driven by a strong sense of nationalism.

Militarism denotes a belief in maintaining a strong military and being prepared to use it to defend or promote national interests. It usually implies a focus on military values and solutions.

• The country's governance is heavily influenced by militarism.
• The rise of militarism often leads to an increase in military spending.

Jingoism (as given previously) involves extreme patriotism with a focus on aggressive foreign policies and a belief in national superiority. It overlaps with chauvinism but is specifically aggressive in nature towards other countries.

• The government's jingoism was apparent in their constant display of military power.
• Media coverage often fuels jingoism by portraying other nations as threats.

Chauvinism is an exaggerated, aggressive patriotism or an excessive loyalty to one's own gender or group, often accompanied by a belief in inherent superiority. It often carries a negative connotation.

• His chauvinism was evident when he dismissed the achievements of other countries as inferior.
• Gender chauvinism in the workplace can create a hostile environment for women.

Bellicosity indicates a natural inclination towards war or combativeness. It describes a state of being willing or eager to fight or start wars.

• The leader's bellicosity created fear and tension among neighboring countries.
• His bellicose attitude in negotiations caused breakdowns in communication.

Aggressiveness refers to an intense, hostile, or forceful behavior that can be physical or verbal. It is not limited to a specific context and can be seen in personal interactions, business, or global politics.

• The man's aggressiveness during the debate made it difficult for others to present their views.
• Her aggressive marketing tactics helped the company boost its sales significantly.