Shocks: meaning, definitions and examples

Commonly used to describe a sudden, often physical, bump or movement. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a sudden realization.

• The car gave a jolt as it hit the pothole
• The unexpected question gave him a jolt of reality

Typically used to describe a sudden, powerful forward or upward movement, including emotions or electricity.

• A surge of anger washed over him
• There was a sudden surge of power after the storm

Describes a light, prickling sensation, often associated with excitement or mild discomfort.

• Her skin began to tingle from the cold
• He felt a tingle of excitement before going on stage

Use when experiencing an emotional or physical jolt from an unexpected event, usually neutral or slightly negative.

• The news of the sudden resignation of the CEO shocked everyone in the office

Ideal for experiencing something unexpected, whether positive or negative.

• Her friends threw a surprise party for her birthday, which left her both happy and astonished

Appropriate when feeling sudden disappointment or distress, often due to unmet expectations.

• She looked at the empty refrigerator in dismay, realizing she had forgotten to buy groceries

Best used when expressing a strong feeling of disgust or loathing, often negative.

• He felt a sense of revulsion when he saw the cruelty towards animals in the documentary

Typically used when an event or information causes intense surprise, usually with a negative or distressing connotation.

• The news of the sudden earthquake shocked the entire community.
• She was shocked to find out that her friend had been lying to her.

Used to describe a situation where something causes someone to feel great surprise or wonder, sometimes interchangeable with 'amaze' but can carry a sense of being more taken aback.

• She was astonished by the beautiful scenery.
• It astonished him to learn that his quiet neighbor was a famous author.

Used when someone is suddenly surprised or frightened by something unexpected, generally for small, immediate reactions.

• The loud noise from the fireworks startled the cat.
• He was startled when his friend suddenly appeared behind him.

Often used when something impresses or surprises someone in a positive way, indicating wonder and admiration.

• The magician's tricks never fail to amaze the audience.
• His ability to solve complex problems quickly amazed his colleagues.