Hardness: meaning, definitions and examples

Often used in scientific and engineering fields to describe the resistance of a material to deformation or scratching.

• The hardness of the diamond makes it suitable for cutting tools.
• We measured the hardness of the metal using a special device.

Primarily used to describe the rigidity of an object, often in the context of flexibility and movement.

• The stiffness of the material makes it perfect for constructing bridges.
• After the workout, I felt stiffness in my muscles.

Used to describe the state of being firm and strong in structure, often in physical and abstract contexts.

• The solidity of the building's foundation ensured it could withstand earthquakes.
• Her arguments had a solidity that convinced everyone.

Refers to the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing, often used in materials science.

• Steel is valued for its toughness and durability.
• The toughness of the leather makes these boots ideal for hiking.

This word is usually used to describe the physical property of a substance, referring to its resistance to scratching or deformation.

• The hardness of the diamond makes it an excellent cutting tool.
• Engineers test the hardness of metals before using them in construction.

Toughness is used to describe the capability of a material to absorb energy and deform without breaking. It can also be used to describe a person's resilience or ability to handle difficult situations.

• The toughness of the polymer makes it ideal for extreme conditions.
• Her toughness helped her overcome many obstacles in life.

Use this word when referring to the inability to be bent or forced out of shape. It can also describe a strict adherence to rules or procedures.

• The rigidity of the steel frame ensures the building's stability.
• Her rigidity regarding the schedule made it hard to be flexible.

This word is often used to describe the intensity or seriousness of something, particularly in relation to bad situations or conditions. It generally carries a negative connotation.

• The severity of the storm damaged many homes.
• The severity of the punishment was questioned by many.

Describes the physical property of a material that is firm, solid, and not easily broken.

• The hardness of the diamond makes it ideal for cutting tools
• The project's success depends on the hardness of the material used

Refers to behavior that is deliberately harmful or unkind, often causing physical or emotional pain. This word has a negative connotation.

• Her cruelty towards animals was reported to the authorities
• The cruelty of the dictator was evident in his harsh policies

Refers to a quality of being firm, strict, or unyielding, often in a serious or authoritative manner. This can be used positively or negatively depending on context.

• The teacher's sternness kept the classroom in order
• His sternness was evident when he handled the disobedient child

Describes the intensity or harshness of a condition, punishment, or situation, often implying strictness or harshness but not necessarily with a negative intent.

• The severity of the winter weather caught everyone off guard
• His severity in grading makes students work harder