Serf: meaning, definitions and examples

Used in historical contexts to describe a person in medieval Europe who was bound to live and work on land owned by a lord; lacks freedom and is considered part of the property.

• The serf spent his entire life working the fields of the manor
• Serfs were expected to give a portion of their produce to the lord of the estate

Describes a farmer or agricultural worker, especially one of low social status, living in a rural area. It is a more general term compared to 'serf' and doesn't necessarily imply being bound to land.

• The peasants worked hard to harvest the crops before the winter came
• Medieval peasants often faced a tough and simple life, struggling to make ends meet

An old-fashioned term that refers to a person bound in servitude to another person and is rarely used in modern language; often found in historical or literary contexts.

• The bondman had no rights of his own and worked tirelessly for his master
• In ancient times, bondmen were often subject to harsh treatment

Refers to a person in medieval Europe who entered into a mutual obligation with a lord, often involving military support in exchange for protection and the use of land. A vassal had more rights compared to a serf or bondman.

• The vassal owed his lord military service in exchange for a piece of land
• Vassals were an important part of the feudal system, maintaining loyalty and service to their lords

This seems to be a duplicate entry. Refer to the first definition of 'serf.'

Used to describe a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them. It has a very negative connotation and is associated with historical and present-day human rights abuses.

• The slave was forced to work long hours with no pay.
• Slavery is banned in all modern countries but still exists in some places.

Used to describe hard and continuous work, often with the connotation of exhaustion and lack of reward. It can be used in both historical and contemporary contexts.

• Farmers toiled in the fields from dawn till dusk.
• She toils every day to provide for her family.

Commonly used to refer to work or effort, especially physical work or the workforce in general. It can be used in both positive and neutral contexts.

• Construction labor can be physically demanding and tiring.
• The company is seeking skilled labor for its new factory.