Fluctuations: meaning, definitions and examples

Used when referring to irregular or unpredictable changes in data, prices, or conditions over time.

• The stock market experienced significant fluctuations this week
• The temperature fluctuations make it hard to choose appropriate clothing

Appropriate for describing different forms or versions of something, or when there is a range of differences within a particular set or series.

• There are many variations of the classic recipe
• The study focused on the variations in plant species across different regions

A general term suitable for describing any alteration, modification, or transition, whether in state, position, or character.

• She embraced the changes in her career with enthusiasm
• The city has seen many changes over the past decade

Used when describing a move or change in direction or position, often gradual or long-term. It can also refer to changes in time schedules.

• There has been a significant shift in public opinion about climate change
• The workers are scheduled to work in different shifts throughout the week

Suitable for describing unpredictable or irregular variations, especially in data, markets, emotions, or physical conditions.

• The stock market experiences significant fluctuations during periods of economic uncertainty.
• Temperature fluctuations can be harsh in the desert.

Appropriate for describing differences or deviations from a standard or norm in data, measurements, or observations.

• There are variations in climate across different regions of the world.
• The teacher noticed variations in students’ test scores from one year to the next.

Used in a broad sense to indicate any kind of alteration or modification in conditions, situations, or states over time.

• There have been many changes in technology over the past decade.
• She noticed changes in her mood after starting the new medication.

Typically used in scientific, engineering, or mathematical contexts to describe regular or periodic movements back and forth.

• The oscillations of a pendulum are predictable and regular.
• Electrical engineers study the oscillations in AC currents.

Used when describing rapid or continuous variations in level or amount. Often relates to data, prices, or measurements.

• The stock market is experiencing significant fluctuations this week
• Temperature fluctuations can affect plant growth

Used when describing differences or alterations within certain limits. Often employed to emphasize diversity or range.

• Recipes can vary depending on the chef
• The intensity of the exercises will vary each day

Used for any alteration or transformation in state, condition, or appearance. It is broad and can apply to both positive and negative alterations.

• She decided to make a change in her career
• The weather can change quickly in the mountains

Used to describe movement back and forth in a regular rhythm. Often relates to physical movement, signals, or behaviors.

• The fan blades oscillate to spread cool air evenly
• His mood tends to oscillate between happy and sad