Trial: meaning, definitions and examples

A formal examination of evidence by a judge, often with a jury, to determine guilt in a criminal case or to resolve a legal dispute in a civil case.

• The trial lasted five days, and the jury returned a verdict of not guilty
• She had to testify at her brother's trial

A session in which testimony and arguments are presented, especially before an official, such as a judge in a less formal setting than a trial. It's usually more preliminary or for specific issues like bail or motions.

• The judge scheduled a hearing to determine whether the evidence can be admitted
• She attended the hearing to discuss child custody arrangements

A general term for any proceeding in a court of law involving a legal issue or dispute. It can refer to both civil and criminal matters.

• The lawyer reviewed the case before presenting it in court
• This is a complicated case with many witnesses

A legal action taken by one party against another in a civil court. It's about claiming compensation or resolution of a dispute between individuals, corporations, or governments.

• He filed a lawsuit against his employer for wrongful termination
• The company is faced with a lawsuit over environmental violations

Use in legal contexts or when testing something for a specified period to see how it works.

• The trial for the accused will start next Monday.
• We are offering a free trial of our software for 30 days.

Use in scientific contexts or when trying something new to observe the outcome.

• The scientist conducted an experiment to test the new vaccine.
• They decided to experiment with working from home to see if it improved productivity.

Use when checking the quality, performance, or reliability of something.

• The car underwent a crash test to ensure safety standards.
• She had to take a math test at school.

Use when assessing the value, performance, or success of something.

• The teacher conducted an evaluation of the students' projects.
• The company's annual evaluation of employee productivity is ongoing.

Similar to 'trial' described above. This is repeated due to input, referring to a test or difficult situation.

• The legal trial lasted for weeks
• His patience was put to the trial during the negotiations

Refers to severe suffering or deprivation, typically in a socioeconomic context. It has a negative connotation and often implies a struggle for basic needs.

• The economic downturn caused great hardship for many families
• The refugees faced unimaginable hardship

Used for a demanding task or situation that is stimulating and can be overcome with effort and skill. It often carries a neutral to positive connotation.

• Learning a new language is a challenge
• They took on the challenge of climbing the mountain

Appropriate for describing significant difficulties or misfortunes, often over a prolonged period. It implies persistence and resilience.

• She overcame great adversity to become successful
• Adversity can build character