Perpendicular Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
⊥
perpendicular
[ˌpɜːr.pənˈdɪk.jə.lər ]
Definitions
geometry
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Synonyms
orthogonal, right-angled, vertical.
Which Synonym Should You Choose?
| Word | Description / Examples |
|---|---|
| perpendicular |
Used when referring to a line or plane that is at an exact 90-degree angle to another line or plane in geometry, construction, or everyday descriptions.
|
| vertical |
Refers to anything that is upright or at right angles to a horizontal plane. Often used in everyday language and various fields like architecture, engineering, and design.
|
| orthogonal |
Primarily used in mathematics, computer science, and statistics to describe vectors that are at right angles to each other, or situations where no overlap or dependency occurs.
|
| right-angled |
Commonly used in geometry to describe shapes, especially triangles, that feature a 90-degree angle.
|
Examples of usage
- The two lines are perpendicular to each other.
- The flagpole stood perpendicular to the ground.
mathematics
In a manner that forms a right angle.
Synonyms
Which Synonym Should You Choose?
| Word | Description / Examples |
|---|---|
| perpendicular |
Use in general geometric or everyday contexts to describe lines, planes, or surfaces meeting at a right angle.
|
| vertically |
Specific to contexts involving direction or orientation, describing something positioned upright from bottom to top.
|
| orthogonally |
Primarily used in mathematical, especially linear algebra, or technical contexts when discussing vectors, functions, or axes meeting at right angles.
|
Examples of usage
- The beam was cut perpendicular to its length.
- He held the paper perpendicular to the table.
Translations
To see the translation, please select a language from the options available.
Interesting Facts
Mathematics
- Perpendicular lines intersect at a right angle, which is exactly 90 degrees.
- In coordinate geometry, the slopes of two perpendicular lines are negative reciprocals of each other. This means if one line has a slope of 2, the other will have a slope of -1/2.
- These lines can be visualized in a Cartesian plane, helping to form various geometric shapes.
Architecture
- Many iconic buildings utilize perpendicular arrangements to create stability and visual balance.
- In architectural design, perpendicular orientations can enhance airflow and natural light within a structure.
- The concept is also critical in urban planning to maximize land use and organize space effectively.
Art
- Artists often use perpendicular lines to create depth in their drawings, giving the illusion of three-dimensional space.
- In abstract art, the use of perpendicular intersects can lead to dynamic compositions that draw viewers' eyes across the canvas.
- The famous painting 'The Last Supper' by Leonardo da Vinci uses perpendicular lines to guide the viewer's focus toward the central figure of Jesus.
Physics
- In physics, the concept of perpendicularity is crucial in understanding forces: for instance, when two forces act perpendicular to each other, they result in a resultant force, which can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.
- Wave physics often discusses perpendicular vibrations; for example, in electromagnetic waves, the electric and magnetic fields oscillate at right angles to each other.
- In mechanics, the moment of a force is calculated considering how it acts perpendicular to the lever arm for maximum turning effect.
Navigation
- Navigational charts use perpendicular lines to map out routes and understand the geographical relationships between different locations.
- In GPS technology, perpendicular coordinates help determine positions accurately in a three-dimensional space.
- Pilots and navigators employ perpendicularity to ensure that their course adjustments lead directly to their intended destination.
Origin of 'perpendicular'
The word 'perpendicular' originated from the Latin word 'perpendicularis', which is a combination of 'per-' (through) and 'pendere' (to hang). It has been used in geometry since the 14th century to describe angles, lines, or surfaces that are at right angles to each other.