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Oncogene Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations

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oncogene

[ˈɒŋkəʊdʒiːn ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

genetics, cancer

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. It is typically a mutated form of a normal gene, known as a proto-oncogene, which is involved in cell growth and division. When this gene is altered, it can lead to uncontrolled cellular proliferation and tumor formation. Oncogenes can be activated by various factors, including mutations, chromosomal translocations, and viral infections. Understanding oncogenes is crucial in cancer research, as they provide insights into the mechanisms of tumor development and potential therapeutic targets.

Synonyms

cancer gene, tumor gene.

Examples of usage

  • Mutations in oncogenes can lead to rapid cell division.
  • Research on oncogenes is vital for developing cancer treatments.
  • Oncogenes can be activated by exposure to certain chemicals.
  • Studying oncogenes helps identify cancer risks.

Translations

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Interesting Facts

Scientific Research

  • Studies have identified several types of oncogenes that can influence the growth of different cancers, each with unique mechanisms.
  • Targeted therapies aim to block oncogenes, representing a significant advancement in personalized medicine for cancer treatment.

Pop Culture

  • Numerous films and documentaries explore cancer's impact, often touching on genetic topics, including the role of oncogenes.
  • Famous actors like Angelina Jolie have raised awareness about genetic predispositions to cancer, highlighting oncogenes' relevance.

History

  • The discovery of oncogenes was a milestone in cancer biology, shifting the focus from just environmental factors to genetics.
  • In the 1980s, progress in molecular biology techniques allowed for the isolation and study of oncogenes in depth.

Medicine

  • Research on oncogenes has led to the development of targeted cancer therapies, improving outcomes for many patients.
  • Some oncogenes are linked to hereditary cancer syndromes, making genetic testing a vital tool in preventive healthcare.

Origin of 'oncogene'

Main points about word origin

  • The term comes from the Greek word 'onkos', meaning mass or tumor, combined with 'gene', which refers to the unit of heredity.
  • In the early 1970s, scientists discovered the first oncogene, transforming how researchers understood cancer.

The term 'oncogene' is derived from the combination of the Greek word 'onkos' meaning mass or tumor, and the Latin word 'gene' which relates to genetics. The concept of oncogenes emerged in the 1970s when scientists began to understand that certain genes could lead to the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. This research was propelled by the discovery of viruses that could induce cancer in animals and the recognition that similar mechanisms might occur in human cancers. As molecular biology techniques advanced, the identification and classification of various oncogenes accelerated, leading to significant insights into cancer etiology and potential treatment avenues. The recognition of oncogenes marked a turning point in cancer research, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in the development of tumors.

Word Frequency Rank

Positioned at #24,938, this word is part of extensive vocabulary. It's relatively rare in general usage but may be important in specific fields or formal writing.