Neurotoxin: meaning, definitions and examples
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neurotoxin
[ ˈnʊəroʊˌtɒksɪn ]
medical terminology
A neurotoxin is a toxin that is destructive to neural tissue. These substances can interfere with nerve function, leading to symptoms ranging from muscle paralysis to neurological disorders. Neurotoxins can be produced by various organisms, including bacteria, plants, and certain animals.
Synonyms
nerve poison, neuroparalytic toxin, neurotoxic agent
Examples of usage
- Botulinum toxin is a known neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.
- Some spiders and snakes possess neurotoxins that can cause severe reactions in humans.
- Pufferfish contain neurotoxins that can be deadly if consumed improperly.
- Certain types of mushrooms produce neurotoxins that affect the nervous system.
Etymology
The term 'neurotoxin' combines the prefix 'neuro-', derived from the Greek word 'neuron', meaning 'nerve', and 'toxin', which comes from the Greek 'toxikon', referring to a poison or venom. The concept of neurotoxicity has its roots in early medical and psychological research as scientists began to explore how poisons could affect the nervous system. Early studies, particularly those involving animal models, revealed a variety of substances that hindered nerve function. The expansive research on neurotoxins gained momentum in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly with the discovery of botulinum toxin and its effects on the human body. Advances in toxicology and pharmacology have since uncovered numerous neurotoxins, leading to important findings in medicine, including the potential use of certain neurotoxins in treating various conditions, such as muscle spasms and migraines. The understanding and classification of neurotoxins continues to evolve with ongoing scientific investigation.