Impedance: meaning, definitions and examples

This term is typically used in electronics and electrical engineering to describe the total opposition that a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current (AC) at a particular frequency. It combines both resistance and reactance (both inductive and capacitive).

• The engineer measured the impedance of the circuit to ensure it matches the specifications.
• Adjusting the impedance can help optimize the performance of audio equipment.

This is a broader term used in various fields including physics and engineering to describe how strongly a material or object opposes the flow of electric current. It can be applied to both AC and DC circuits, but it specifically refers to the real part of impedance in AC circuits.

• The resistance of the resistor determines how much current will flow in the circuit.
• By increasing the length of the wire, you can increase its resistance.

This term is used in the context of AC circuits to describe the opposition to the change in current by inductance and capacitance. Unlike resistance, reactance varies with frequency.

• The reactance of the capacitor decreases with increasing frequency.
• Inductive reactance can cause a phase shift between voltage and current.

This term is used to describe the opposition that a material offers to the flow of direct current (DC). It is measured in ohms and is crucial in designing electrical circuits.

• Copper has lower electrical resistance compared to iron, making it a better conductor.
• The electrical resistance of the wire affects how much current flows through it.

Often used in engineering and physics to describe the opposition that a circuit presents to the flow of alternating current (AC).

• The impedance of this circuit is calculated to be 50 ohms.
• Measuring the impedance of the speakers can help match them to an amplifier.

Used to describe resistance or dissent, often in political, social, or competitive contexts. Can have a slightly adversarial connotation.

• There was strong opposition to the new policy.
• The team faced little opposition in the final match.

Describes the act of resisting something, can be used in physical, emotional, or political contexts. In physics, it refers to the opposition to electric current.

• The resistance movement fought against the occupying forces.
• Her resistance to change made the transition difficult.
• The material's resistance to electricity makes it a good insulator.

Typically used to describe something that causes delay or obstruction in progress. It can be used in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

• The heavy traffic was a major hindrance to our journey.
• Lack of funding is a serious hindrance to the project.