Immunoglobulin Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
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immunoglobulin
[ɪˌmjunəˈɡlɒb.jʊ.lɪn ]
Definition
biological molecule
Immunoglobulin, also known as antibody, is a type of glycoprotein produced by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell). Its primary function is to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, each serving different roles in the immune response. Immunoglobulins play a crucial role in the body's immune defense system, helping to protect against infections and diseases.
Synonyms
antibody, immune globulin, serum globulin.
Examples of usage
- The immunoglobulin levels in the patient's blood were tested.
- Immunoglobulins are critical for vaccine efficacy.
- Research shows that IgA is important for mucosal immunity.
- Allergies can often be linked to IgE immunoglobulin responses.
Translations
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Interesting Facts
Science
- There are five main types of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, each playing a unique role in immune response.
- IgG is the most common type, making up about 70% of the immunoglobulins in blood, protecting against bacterial and viral infections.
- Immunoglobulins can be found in various body fluids, including blood, saliva, and breast milk, demonstrating their widespread importance.
Medical Applications
- Doctors can use immunoglobulins in treatments, such as intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, to help people with weakened immune systems.
- Vaccines often work by stimulating the production of specific immunoglobulins, training the body to fight specific infections in the future.
Cultural Significance
- In some cultures, the importance of a strong immune system is reflected in traditional medicine practices, highlighting the body’s defense mechanisms.
- Educating about immunoglobulins might improve public understanding of vaccinations and how they bolster our immune defenses.
Research Innovations
- Advances in biotechnology allow scientists to create monoclonal antibodies, a type of immunoglobulin, to target specific diseases like cancer.
- Research continues to explore how immunoglobulin responses can be harnessed to develop more effective vaccines.
Origin of 'immunoglobulin'
Main points about word origin
- The word comes from Latin 'immunis,' meaning 'exempt,' and 'globulus,' meaning 'little globe.'
- It reflects the function of these proteins, which help the body stay 'exempt' from diseases.
The term 'immunoglobulin' is derived from two components: 'immune,' which refers to the body's defense system against pathogens, and 'globulin,' a term used for a group of proteins present in blood serum. The history of immunoglobulins dates back to the early 20th century, particularly with the pioneering work of Emil von Behring, who discovered that serum from immunized animals could transfer immunity to other animals. This led to the identification of antibodies in the serum. The molecular structure of immunoglobulins was elucidated shortly after, resulting in their classification into five major classes based on their structure and function. The understanding of immunoglobulins has been pivotal in immunology, allowing for advancements in vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics.