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Antibody Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations

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antibody

[หˆรฆntษชหŒbษ’di ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

immune response

Antibodies are specialized proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances, such as pathogens. They recognize and bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Antibodies play a crucial role in the body's defense mechanisms, aiding in the identification and neutralization of bacteria and viruses. There are various classes of antibodies, each with distinct functions and structures, which allows for a versatile immune response.

Synonyms

Ig, immunoglobulin, serum protein.

Examples of usage

  • The body produces antibodies after vaccination.
  • Antibodies can neutralize toxins.
  • Blood tests can measure antibody levels.

Translations

To see the translation, please select a language from the options available.

Interesting Facts

Science

  • Antibodies are produced by a type of white blood cell called B cells when they encounter a foreign substance called an antigen.
  • There are five main classes of antibodies in humans, each with unique roles in the immune response.

Medicine

  • Vaccines work by introducing a harmless part of a germ, prompting the body to create antibodies for future protection.
  • Monoclonal antibodies are lab-made molecules designed to mimic the immune system's ability to fight off pathogens.

Pop Culture

  • Movies often depict scientists using antibodies in thrilling ways to save lives during fictional pandemics.
  • Popular science shows frequently explain how antibodies work, making complex biology relatable and engaging.

History

  • The discovery of antibodies has significantly advanced medical science, leading to treatments for infections and immunodeficiencies.
  • In 1890, Emil von Behring first demonstrated the role of antibodies in the development of serum therapies for diphtheria.

Origin of 'antibody'

Main points about word origin

  • The term 'antibody' comes from 'anti-', meaning against, and 'body', referring to the bodyโ€™s immune system.
  • This word was first used in scientific literature in the early 20th century as scientists began to understand the immune response.

The term 'antibody' was coined in the early 20th century by combining the prefix 'anti-', meaning against, and 'body', referring to its proteinaceous nature. The concept arose from the need to explain how the body recognizes and fights against foreign pathogens. The study of antibodies gained significant momentum after the discovery of their role in immune responses following the work of scientists such as Emil von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburo, who demonstrated that serum from immunized animals could transfer immunity to others. Over the years, the understanding of antibodies has evolved, leading to advancements in medicine, including the development of vaccines and immunotherapies.

Word Frequency Rank

At #5,995 in frequency, this word belongs to advanced vocabulary. It's less common than core vocabulary but important for sophisticated expression.