Themes: meaning, definitions and examples

Used when discussing the underlying ideas or messages in literature, art, or discussions. Themes are often broad concepts that are recurrently explored in a work.

• The themes of love and betrayal are prevalent throughout the novel.
• One of the major themes in the play is the struggle between good and evil.

Refers to the main topic or focus of a piece of writing, discussion, or research. It is more specific than 'theme' and can be used in both general and academic contexts.

• The subject of the lecture was the impact of social media on communication.
• Her research focuses on the subject of climate change and its effects on polar bears.

Refers to the specific subject matter of a conversation, essay, or other communication. Topics are narrower than themes and are often used in contexts where specific details are being discussed.

• Today's topic of discussion is renewable energy sources.
• He chose a topic for his essay that he was passionate about: wildlife conservation.

Used in literary and artistic contexts to refer to a recurring element, symbol, or idea that has a particular significance. A motif supports the theme and helps to develop the narrative.

• The motif of darkness and light appears frequently in the poetry collection.
• Throughout the movie, the director uses the spiral symbol as a motif to suggest chaos.