Tarnish: meaning, definitions and examples

This term is often used to describe the loss of luster or discoloration that occurs on metals, especially silver, due to exposure to air or moisture. It can also metaphorically refer to damaging someone's reputation.

• The silverware began to tarnish after being left out in the open
• His actions caused his reputation to tarnish

Typically used to describe the gradual destruction or weakening of materials, especially metals, due to chemical reactions, often with water and air. It has a somewhat stronger and more general implication than other terms.

• The pipes began to corrode after years of exposure to damp conditions
• Neglect and mismanagement will corrode the organization's foundation

Specifically refers to the reddish-brown flaky coating that forms on iron or steel when it oxidizes. It is used mainly for metals like iron and is often seen as a sign of neglect or aging.

• The old bicycle had started to rust after being left out all winter
• The abandoned car was covered in rust

Used to describe a chemical reaction where a substance combines with oxygen, often resulting in rust or tarnish on metals. It's a more scientific term that is not as commonly used in everyday language.

• When exposed to air, iron will oxidize and form rust
• Apples will oxidize and turn brown once they've been cut

Typically used when referring to the loss of luster or becoming less shiny, both literally and figuratively. Often related to reputation or physical objects.

• The scandal tarnished his reputation.
• The silverware began to tarnish after years of neglect.

Commonly used in a legal and formal context when someone makes false statements to harm another's reputation. It implies intentional harm.

• She sued the magazine for defaming her good character.
• The article defamed the company's CEO, leading to a lawsuit.

Used when accusing someone of causing harm to someone else's name, reputation, or character. This word often carries a stronger, more deliberate negative connotation.

• He tried to besmirch her good name with false accusations.
• The politician's opponents besmirched his record with allegations of corruption.

Often used to describe the act of damaging or staining someone's reputation or the purity of something. It has a slightly poetic or formal tone.

• He would never sully his hands with such dishonest work.
• The scandal sullied the image of the once-respected institution.