Semimetal: meaning, definitions and examples
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semimetal
[ sɛmɪˈmɛtəl ]
materials science
A semimetal is a substance that has properties intermediate between those of metals and non-metals. They typically exhibit metallic conductivity but have a non-metallic character in some reactions. Examples of semimetals include arsenic and antimony.
Synonyms
metalloid, semi-metallic element
Examples of usage
- Arsenic is classified as a semimetal due to its unique properties.
- The addition of a semimetal can enhance the electronic properties of a composite material.
- In the periodic table, semimetals are found along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals.
Etymology
The term 'semimetal' originated in the early 20th century, derived from combining the prefix 'semi-' meaning 'partly' or 'somewhat,' and 'metal,' which refers to the category of elements characterized by high electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility. The classification of semimetals emerged in the context of the periodic table, which was being refined during that time. Semimetals are often characterized by their ability to conduct electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as true metals, highlighting the gradual transition in properties between these two groups. The study of semimetals has significant implications in materials science and semiconductor technology, especially with the growing demand for materials that have tailored electronic properties.