Poliomyelitis Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
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poliomyelitis
[ˌpɒliˌoʊmaɪˈɛlɪtɪs ]
Definition
medical condition
Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is a highly infectious viral disease that primarily affects children, leading to paralysis or even death. It is caused by the poliovirus, which can invade the nervous system and lead to muscle weakness and acute flaccid paralysis. The disease can be prevented through vaccination.
Synonyms
infantile paralysis, polio.
Examples of usage
- The re-emergence of poliomyelitis in some regions is a major public health concern.
- Vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the incidence of poliomyelitis worldwide.
- Children are usually vaccinated against poliomyelitis at an early age.
- Poliomyelitis can lead to lifelong disabilities in survivors.
Translations
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Interesting Facts
Historical Origins
- The term 'poliomyelitis' comes from the Greek words 'polio' (grey) and 'myelos' (spinal cord), referring to the virus's effect on the spine.
- The first major documented outbreak occurred in the United States in 1916, resulting in thousands of cases and heightened public concern.
- In the early 20th century, polio was often referred to as 'infantile paralysis' because it predominantly affected children.
Medical Advances
- The Salk vaccine, developed in 1955, was the first successful vaccine against poliomyelitis, significantly reducing its incidence worldwide.
- In 1961, Sabin developed an oral vaccine, allowing easier distribution and administration compared to the earlier injectable version.
- Global vaccination efforts have led to a 99% reduction in polio cases since the 1980s, moving towards eradication.
Cultural Impact
- Polio has shaped public health policy, leading to campaigns emphasizing vaccination and health education.
- FDR, the 32nd President of the United States, was affected by polio, and his condition influenced how society viewed disabilities and health.
Psychological Effects
- Individuals affected by polio often face long-term psychosocial challenges, including anxiety and depression, especially regarding mobility.
- Support groups have been crucial for those overcoming the challenges of post-polio syndrome, helping them connect and share experiences.
Global Health
- Polio remains endemic in only a few countries today, largely due to concerted vaccination efforts by organizations like WHO and UNICEF.
- The disease can be transmitted in environments with poor sanitation, emphasizing the importance of hygiene and clean water access in preventing outbreaks.
Origin of 'poliomyelitis'
The term 'poliomyelitis' originates from the Greek words 'polios' meaning 'grey' (referring to the grey matter of the spinal cord), 'myelos' meaning 'marrow' or 'spinal cord', and the suffix '-itis' indicating inflammation. The condition was first identified in the 19th century, but it has been known for centuries through sporadic outbreaks. The most significant outbreaks began in the early 20th century, particularly in the United States and Europe, where it caused widespread concern and panic due to the severe cases that led to paralysis. The development of effective vaccines by Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin in the 1950s and 1960s drastically reduced the incidence of poliomyelitis, leading to major public health initiatives aimed at global eradication. Despite these efforts, polio continues to be a public health issue in some countries, making vaccination and awareness crucial.