Patina: meaning, definitions and examples

Patina is often used to describe the green or brown film that forms on the surface of copper and bronze as a result of oxidation over long periods. It can also refer to a surface appearance of something grown beautiful, especially with age or use.

• The statue had a beautiful patina that showed its age and historical significance
• The wooden table had developed a lovely patina over the years

Oxidation film refers to the thin layer that forms on metal surfaces due to a reaction with oxygen. It is a technical term commonly used in scientific and industrial contexts to describe this process.

• An oxidation film has developed on the steel pipe, indicating it has been exposed to the elements
• Engineers need to account for the oxidation film when designing metal structures

Verdigris is specifically the green or bluish deposit that forms on copper, brass, or bronze after exposure to the air or seawater over time. It has a negative connotation when describing corrosion but can be considered beautiful in art and antiques.

• The old copper roof had turned a striking verdigris color
• Antique dealers often look for items with verdigris as it indicates authenticity

Patina can also refer to the surface appearance of things that have aged in a way that adds character or charm, not just metal. This application is common in art and design.

• The old leather chair had a rich patina, showing years of use and history

Sheen is used to describe a soft glow or shine on a surface, usually referring to materials like hair, fabric, or polished surfaces.

• The satin gown had a lovely sheen under the candlelight

Shine is a more general term for a bright or reflective quality and is often used to describe cleanliness or glossiness.

• After washing the car, it had a brilliant shine

Patina is often used when describing an aged surface, especially metals or wood, that has taken on a certain appearance due to natural weathering or aging.

• The antique table had a beautiful patina that gave it character.
• Over the years, the statue developed a green patina that added to its historical value.

Veneer is often used in architecture and woodworking when referring to a thin decorative layer applied to the surface of a different material. It can sometimes have a negative connotation when implying something is superficially attractive but lacks substance.

• The cabinet was made of cheap wood but covered with a walnut veneer for a more luxurious look.
• His friendliness turned out to be just a veneer, hiding his true intentions.

Surface layer is a general term used in scientific, technical, or casual contexts to indicate the outermost layer of a material or object.

• The surface layer of the soil contains the most nutrients.
• After the storm, the surface layer of the road was covered in debris.