Parasitism Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
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parasitism
[ˈpærəˌsɪtɪzəm ]
Definition
biology, ecology
Parasitism is a relationship between two organisms where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other organism, the host. This relationship is often detrimental to the host, as parasites can cause harm or even death, while the parasite may derive nutrients or support from the host. Parasitism can be found in various forms, including ectoparasitism, where parasites live on the surface of the host, and endoparasitism, where they live inside the host's body. This relationship is significant in ecosystems, influencing population dynamics and community structure.
Synonyms
dependency, exploitation, hostage.
Examples of usage
- The tapeworm exhibits parasitism by living within the intestines of mammals.
- Fleas and ticks are common ectoparasites that feed on the blood of their hosts.
- Parasitism can affect the health and behavior of the host organism.
- Some plants exhibit parasitism, drawing nutrients from their host plants.
Translations
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Origin of 'parasitism'
The term 'parasitism' originates from the Greek word 'parasitos', which means 'one who eats at the table of another'. The word 'para-' means 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'sitos' means 'food' or 'grain'. This concept of one organism living off another has been recognized since ancient times, with references in early texts to animals and plants that derive benefits at the expense of their hosts. The formal use of 'parasitism' in scientific contexts began in the 19th century as the fields of biology and ecology expanded, allowing for a better understanding of these complex interactions. Researchers started classifying different types of parasitic relationships and studying their impact on ecosystems, leading to important insights into natural selection and evolution.