Mutations: meaning, definitions and examples

Generally used in biology to describe a change in the DNA sequence that leads to a new trait or characteristic. Frequently encompasses a wide range of genetic changes.

• Scientists are studying various mutations to understand how they affect the development of diseases

Describes the differences in DNA among individuals or populations. It's often used in studies of population genetics, evolution, and biodiversity.

• Genetic variation is crucial for a population's ability to adapt to changing environments

Specifically refers to a mutation in the genetic code. Often discussed in medical contexts, such as when describing the causes of genetic disorders or cancer.

• A genetic mutation in the BRCA1 gene significantly increases the risk of breast cancer

A broad term used to describe alterations in the genetic material, inclusive of mutations but also other forms of changes such as recombinations or epigenetic modifications. Used in both scientific and educational contexts to explain evolution or genetic editing.

• Genetic change is an essential factor in the evolution of species over millions of years

Used generally to refer to any change in the genetic material of an organism. Can be applied broadly across scientific, medical, and educational discussions.

• Scientists found several mutations in the DNA sequence.
• Some mutations can lead to serious health conditions.

Specifically refers to changes occurring within a single gene. Often used in medical and genetic studies and discussions focused on particular genes.

• A gene mutation in BRCA1 can increase the risk of breast cancer.
• Detecting a gene mutation early can help in managing certain diseases.

Can imply any change or modification of genetics, whether natural or artificial. Often used in a broader context within genetic research and biotechnology.

• Genetic alteration can be caused by environmental factors.
• Genetic alteration through CRISPR technology has shown great potential for treating genetic disorders.

Usually refers to deliberate changes made to the genetic makeup of an organism, often used in the context of GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms). It tends to carry a more specific and sometimes controversial connotation.

• Genetic modification has been used to create crops that are resistant to pests.
• There is ongoing debate about the safety of genetic modification in food production.

Used in both genetics and linguistics, 'mutations' refer to changes in structure. In genetics, it means a change in DNA sequence. In linguistics, it often refers to changes in how words are formed or pronounced, particularly in phonological systems.

• The scientist studied mutations in the DNA of the test subjects.
• Historical linguistics looks at the mutations of languages over time.

'Sound change' is a broad term that describes any shift in pronunciation over time. It can involve individual phonemes, groups of sounds, or entire phonological systems.

• One of the major sound changes in English history is the Great Vowel Shift.
• Phonetic transcription helps to track sound changes across different dialects.

'Phonological alteration' refers specifically to changes within the sound system of a language. This term is used to describe modifications in pronunciation and the structure of sounds.

• The study focused on the phonological alterations that occurred in the dialect over the last century.
• Linguists observed several phonological alterations in the speech patterns of young people.

'Linguistic shift' describes significant changes in language over time, such as changes in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. It implies a gradual or large-scale transformation in a language.

• The linguistic shift from Old English to Modern English took many centuries.
• This region has experienced a significant linguistic shift due to migration.