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Miasma: meaning, definitions and examples

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miasma

 

[mi·as·ma ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

bad air

Miasma historically referred to a noxious form of bad air or vapor believed to cause disease. This concept was prevalent before the germ theory of disease was established. In the past, miasma was associated with foul-smelling air emanating from decomposing organic matter. It was thought to be responsible for the transmission of maladies, particularly in crowded and unsanitary conditions. Modern usage often applies the term metaphorically to describe an oppressive atmosphere or influence.

Synonyms

fumes, pollution, smog, stink.

Examples of usage

  • The miasma from the swamps was unbearable.
  • In ancient times, people believed that the miasma from the decaying bodies spread illness.
  • The city was shrouded in a miasma of despair after the disaster.

Interesting Facts

Etymology

  • The word originates from the Greek 'miasma', meaning 'pollution' or 'taint'.
  • In Latin, it was used to denote a noxious influence or atmosphere.
  • The term was historically used in the context of disease outbreaks, especially before the germ theory was widely understood.

History

  • During the 19th century, many believed that 'bad air' from decaying organic matter caused diseases like cholera and malaria.
  • The concept led to extensive sanitation reforms in cities, emphasizing the importance of clean environments.
  • This belief was prevalent until scientists, like Louis Pasteur, demonstrated that diseases are caused by germs, not miasmas.

Literature

  • Miasma appears in classic literature, often used metaphorically to describe moral decay or societal problems.
  • Charles Dickens, in 'Bleak House', alludes to the fog of London, describing it as a miasma that clouds judgment and health.
  • Symbolically, the term has been used to explore themes of corruption and despair in various narratives.

Science

  • Modern terminology no longer uses 'miasma' as a scientific term, as it has been replaced by more specific terms like 'pollution' or 'contaminants'.
  • In environmental science, the concept relates to the dispersion of harmful substances in air or water.
  • Microbial miasmas are now understood as the spread of pathogens through air, contrasting the historical notion of general bad air causing illness.

Cultural Impact

  • Miasma has influenced art and film, often depicted as a supernatural or ghostly fog that brings misfortune.
  • In video games and fantasy literature, miasmas often symbolize cursed lands or areas plagued by evil, reflecting its historical meaning.
  • Songs and poetry may evoke the term to discuss themes of decay, warning, and premonitions of sickness.

Word Frequency Rank

This word's position of #30,500 indicates it's among the more rare English words. While understanding it broadens your vocabulary, focus on more common words first.