Methylbenzene: meaning, definitions and examples
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methylbenzene
[ ˈmɛθəlˌbɛnziːn ]
chemical compound
Methylbenzene, commonly known as toluene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon that consists of a benzene ring substituted with a methyl group. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a distinctive smell, used primarily as an industrial solvent and in the production of various chemical compounds.
Synonyms
methylbenzol, toluene
Examples of usage
- Toluene is used as a solvent in paint thinners.
- In laboratories, methylbenzene is often used in organic synthesis.
- Workers must use protective gear when handling toluene due to its toxicity.
- Toluene can be found in products such as glue and nail polish remover.
Etymology
The term 'methylbenzene' is derived from the naming conventions used in organic chemistry. The prefix 'methyl' refers to the methyl group (–CH₃), a structure commonly found in organic compounds. 'Benzene' comes from the name of the aromatic hydrocarbon discovered in the early 19th century. The compound toluene was first isolated in 1837 by the chemist Hermann Kolbe from the distillation of pine oil, where it was recognized for its aromatic properties. The name 'toluene' is derived from the balsam of Tolu, a resin that contains this compound. Over time, as chemical nomenclature evolved, 'methylbenzene' became a systematic way to refer to toluene in academic and industrial contexts. The development of toluene as an industrial solvent and its various applications in the chemical industry are crucial parts of its historical significance.