Metaloid: meaning, definitions and examples
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metaloid
[ ˈmɛtəˌlɔɪd ]
chemical element
A metalloid is an element that has properties intermediate between metals and non-metals. They are typically semiconductors and are used in various electronic devices. Metalloids can form alloys with metals and show a mix of physical and chemical properties.
Synonyms
metalloid element, semimetal
Examples of usage
- Silicon is a common metalloid used in electronics.
- Boron acts as a metalloid in its reactions.
- Arsenic is classified as a metalloid.
- Germanium is essential in semiconductor technology.
Etymology
The term 'metalloid' connotes a combination of properties associated with both metals and nonmetals. Coined in the early 19th century from the Greek 'meta' meaning 'beyond' or 'change', and 'lithos' meaning 'stone', it refers to the intermediate state of these elements. Initially, metalloids were categorized as those elements that exhibited metallic properties alongside the characteristics seen in nonmetals. The classification was solidified as chemistry evolved, allowing scientists to better understand the bonding and behavior of these elements in compounds and their industrial applications. Elements like boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium are modern-day examples classified under this term. The growing field of semiconductors in the 20th century further highlighted the importance of metalloids in technology.