Lemma: meaning, definitions and examples
π
lemma
[ ΛlemΙ ]
linguistics
A lemma is the base form of a word, considered without inflections or derivations. In linguistic studies, it serves as the canonical form of a set of words. For example, 'run' is the lemma for 'running', 'ran', and 'runs'.
Synonyms
base form, canonical form, root.
Examples of usage
- The lemma 'child' can denote its plural 'children'.
- In dictionaries, words are listed in their lemma form.
- Linguists often analyze texts using lemmas.
mathematics
In mathematics, a lemma refers to a proven statement that is used as a stepping stone to prove further statements. It is often a useful proposition that simplifies the proof of a theorem.
Synonyms
Examples of usage
- The proof of the main theorem relies on the previous lemma.
- A common lemma in geometric proofs is the Triangle Inequality.
- Mathematicians regularly use lemmas to facilitate complex arguments.
Etymology
The term 'lemma' originates from the Greek word 'λΡΟΞΌΞ±' (leuma), which means 'that which is received'. It was historically used in Ancient Greek philosophy and later adopted into Latin as 'lemma', indicating a premise or proposition. In the context of linguistics, it began appearing in English in the 19th century as scholars sought to classify words systematically, providing a structure for the understanding of grammar and vocabulary. In mathematics, 'lemma' gained traction in the 17th century when mathematicians formalized the process of constructing proofs. The dual usage in linguistics and mathematics highlights the word's versatility and significance in both fields, bridging gaps between language understanding and logical reasoning.