Involuntary: meaning, definitions and examples

Use this word to describe actions or reactions that occur without one's control or intention, often related to bodily functions or responses to stimuli.

• Her yawn was involuntary
• The doctor tested her involuntary muscle movements

Best used to describe actions, thoughts, or feelings that occur without the person being aware of them, often linked to deep-seated instincts or psychological processes. It might also describe a state where a person has lost awareness.

• His fears were driven by unconscious memories
• He fell unconscious after the accident

It is suitable for actions that are immediate and done without thinking, often in response to a sudden stimulus, particularly in a biological or physiological context.

• Blinking in bright light is a reflexive action
• Her reflexive kick startled everyone

This word is ideal for referring to actions or processes that are performed without conscious thought, often due to habit or systems designed to operate without manual intervention.

• His response was automatic
• The doors shut automatically when you approach

This word often describes actions or reactions that occur without conscious control, usually of physiological nature or forced circumstances.

• John let out an involuntary yawn during the long meeting
• The new recruit was given an involuntary duty assignment

It is ideal for situations where events happen by chance or without intention, often in the context of mistakes or unforeseen results.

• She apologized for the accidental spill on the carpet
• The discovery of penicillin was an accidental but crucial breakthrough in medicine

This word fits when describing outcomes or actions that were not planned or meant, often used in a neutral or mildly apologetic tone.

• His comment was unintentional and he didn’t mean to offend anyone
• The unintentional error in the report was quickly corrected

Best for situations where someone is unaware or lacking intent in their actions, sometimes with a connotation of ignorance or innocence.

• The unwitting witness revealed more than she realized
• Jake was an unwitting participant in the prank