Including: meaning, definitions and examples

Use this word when you want to specify that some items are part of a larger group. It emphasizes that the listed items are part of a whole, but not the only parts.

• The conference will cover various topics, including renewable energy and sustainability.
• She has many hobbies, including painting and hiking.

Use this phrase to introduce specific examples that are part of a larger group. It is similar to 'for example' but is often used within a sentence to provide specifics.

• She enjoys outdoor activities such as hiking and kayaking.
• Many animals, such as lions and tigers, are native to this region.

This phrase is used to introduce specific examples that illustrate the point you are making. It is particularly useful when you want to clarify or provide evidence for a previous statement.

• Many fruits are rich in vitamins; for example, oranges are high in vitamin C.
• There are many ways to stay fit; for example, jogging and swimming are very effective.

This phrase is best used when you want to indicate that there are additional, unspecified items in a list. It suggests that there are other things not listed that are just as important.

• He is known for his works in literature, philosophy, and sociology, among others.
• The company produces household goods, electronics, and clothing, among others.

Used to introduce specific examples that are part of a larger group.

• The recipe calls for several fruits, including apples and oranges

Used to describe something that covers a wide range or area, often more abstract or comprehensive.

• The project will encompass various disciplines such as biology, chemistry, and physics