Extinction: meaning, definitions and examples

Used to describe the permanent loss of a species or a way of life. Often seen in discussions about endangered species or cultural practices.

• The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred around 65 million years ago.
• Efforts are being made to prevent the extinction of the Amur leopard.

Implies complete destruction, especially in a dramatic or intense context. Often used in science fiction, warfare, or catastrophic events.

• The asteroid's impact led to the annihilation of the prehistoric ecosystem.
• The two armies met for a battle that would result in the complete annihilation of one side.

Used to indicate the complete destruction of pests or other unwanted elements. Often has a negative connotation when referring to people or large-scale killings.

• Exterminators were called to deal with the rat infestation.
• The dark period in history was marked by the extermination of millions during the genocide.

Refers to the complete removal or destruction of something, often a disease or harmful practice. Generally used in public health, agriculture, or social improvements.

• Smallpox was the first disease to be completely eradicated by vaccines.
• The government launched a campaign for the eradication of poverty.

Primarily used in the context of species or biological groups disappearing permanently. It can also be used metaphorically for things that completely disappear over time.

• The extinction of the dodo bird was caused by human activity.
• Many fear the extinction of certain traditional languages.

Used when referring to the removal of something, such as an option, a threat, or even competitors in a competition context. It can imply a more purposeful and targeted action.

• The elimination of harmful chemicals from the product was necessary for safety.
• The team faced elimination after losing three consecutive matches.

Typically used in more formal or scientific contexts and refers to the complete removal or destruction of something, especially in a surgical or botanical sense.

• The extirpation of the tumor was successfully completed.
• The conservation team worked on the extirpation of invasive plants from the ecosystem.

Extinction is typically used in natural or biological contexts to describe the complete disappearance of a species, group, or phenomenon. It often carries a sense of irreversibility and finality.

• The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago.
• Conservation efforts are critical to prevent the extinction of endangered species.

Extinguishment is often used in legal or technical contexts to refer to the cancellation or invalidation of rights, claims, or debts. It suggests a process of rendering something null and void.

• The extinguishment of the debt provided the company with financial relief.
• The law allowed for the extinguishment of certain historical land claims.

Termination is commonly used in various contexts, such as employment, contracts, or processes, to denote the end or conclusion of something. It may have a neutral or negative connotation depending on the situation.

• The employee received notice of the termination of their contract.
• Termination of the project will occur if funding is not secured.