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Existentialism: meaning, definitions and examples

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existentialism

 

[ ɪɡˌzɪsˈtɛnʃəˌlɪzəm ]

Noun
Context #1 | Noun

philosophical movement

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It asserts that humans create their own meaning and essence through their actions and decisions, rather than predetermined nature or external standards. Existentialism often explores themes of anxiety, absurdity, and the inherent meaninglessness of life.

Synonyms

existence philosophy, freedom of choice, individualism.

Examples of usage

  • Sartre is a key figure in existentialism.
  • Existentialism argues for personal responsibility.
  • Many writers have been influenced by existentialism.

Etymology

The term 'existentialism' is derived from the Latin word 'existentia,' which means 'existence.' The philosophy began to take shape in the 19th and 20th centuries, with roots in the works of philosophers like Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. Kierkegaard is often considered the father of existentialism, focusing on individuality and faith, whereas Nietzsche introduced ideas about the 'Übermensch' and the rejection of absolute truths. The term itself became more widely used and defined in the 20th century through the writings of figures like Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, who articulated existential themes in literature and philosophy. They emphasized the idea that existence precedes essence, meaning individuals must navigate their own paths and create their own identities in a world devoid of inherent meaning. This philosophy has had a profound impact on literature, psychology, and contemporary thought, influencing a range of fields from theology to existential psychotherapy.

Word Frequency Rank

At rank #26,553, this word represents specialized academic or technical vocabulary. It's less frequently encountered but may be valuable in specific contexts.