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Epidemic Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations

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epidemic

[หŒษ›pษชหˆdษ›mษชk ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

health crisis

An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time. It can result in a high number of cases and deaths, causing significant public health concerns.

Synonyms

outbreak, pandemic, plague.

Which Synonym Should You Choose?

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Word Description / Examples
epidemic

Use 'epidemic' when referring to a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community or region, but not necessarily on a global scale. It covers situations where the disease incidence is higher than expected.

  • The city faced a flu epidemic last winter.
  • Authorities are trying to control the measles epidemic in the region.
outbreak

Outbreak is suitable for initial sudden increases in the number of cases of a disease, often within a specific location and timeframe. It does not imply the same level of spread as 'epidemic' or 'pandemic'.

  • There was an outbreak of food poisoning at the local restaurant.
  • Health officials are investigating an outbreak of salmonella.
pandemic

Pandemic is used when a disease spreads across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people globally. It indicates a much larger scale than 'epidemic'.

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide.
  • In 1918, a flu pandemic killed millions globally.
plague

Plague often refers specifically to the bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis, historically known for causing the Black Death. It can also be used metaphorically for something that causes continuous trouble or distress. It has a rather negative connotation.

  • The city was ravaged by the plague in the 14th century.
  • She described the constant delays as a plague on her schedule.

Examples of usage

  • The COVID-19 epidemic has affected millions of people worldwide.
  • During the flu epidemic, hospitals were overwhelmed with patients.
  • Preventive measures are crucial in controlling the spread of epidemics.
  • The government declared a state of emergency in response to the epidemic.
  • Vaccination campaigns are often implemented to prevent epidemics.

Translations

To see the translation, please select a language from the options available.

Interesting Facts

History

  • The Black Death in the 14th century is one of the most notorious epidemics, killing millions across Europe.
  • The 1918 influenza pandemic, often called the Spanish flu, was an epidemic that claimed more lives than World War I.

Science

  • Epidemiologists are scientists who study how diseases spread to help control and understand outbreaks.
  • Vaccination and public health measures are important tools used to prevent the spread of diseases during an epidemic.

Pop Culture

  • Many films and books focus on epidemics, exploring societal impacts, such as the movie 'Contagion' which reflects real-world science.
  • Video games like 'Plague Inc.' allow players to simulate spreading an epidemic, offering insights into transmission and control.

Psychology

  • Epidemics can influence mental health, as fear of illness can lead to anxiety and changes in social behavior.
  • The social stigma around certain diseases during epidemics can affect those infected and complicate public health efforts.

Origin of 'epidemic'

Main points about word origin

  • The word originates from the Greek 'epidฤ“mia', which means 'upon the people.'
  • In the early 20th century, it started being used in medical contexts to describe rapid spreads of disease.

The word 'epidemic' originated from the Greek word 'epidฤ“mios,' meaning 'prevalent among the people.' The concept of epidemics has been documented throughout history, with various diseases causing widespread devastation. Epidemics have influenced public health policies, medical advancements, and societal behaviors over the centuries.

Word Frequency Rank

At #6,949 in frequency, this word belongs to advanced vocabulary. It's less common than core vocabulary but important for sophisticated expression.