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Chromatin Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations

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chromatin

[ˈkrōməˌtɪn ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

cell biology

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in packaging DNA into a compact, dense shape, allowing for efficient cellular processes such as transcription, replication, and repair. Chromatin exists in two forms: euchromatin, which is less condensed and active in gene expression, and heterochromatin, which is more tightly packed and generally inactive. The structural organization of chromatin is essential for regulating gene accessibility and expression.

Synonyms

chromosomal DNA, nuclear material.

Examples of usage

  • During cell division, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
  • Chromatin remodeling is important for DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Scientists study chromatin structure to understand gene regulation.

Translations

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Interesting Facts

Science

  • Chromatin helps to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell and protect it from damage.
  • It plays a crucial role in gene regulation, impacting how and when genes are expressed.
  • There are two types of chromatin: euchromatin (loosely packed, actively used) and heterochromatin (tightly packed, less active).

Human Biology

  • Chromatin is essential for processes like DNA replication and repair, which are vital for cell health.
  • The structure of chromatin changes during different phases of the cell cycle, allowing for the exact timing of gene activity.

Genetics

  • Increased accessibility of chromatin can lead to higher expression of certain genes, influencing traits and diseases.
  • Research on chromatin can provide insights into how epigenetic changes affect health and development.

Recent Advances

  • New technologies like CRISPR are being used to explore chromatin modifications and their effects on gene function.
  • Studying chromatin helps scientists understand complex diseases, including cancer, by examining gene regulation.

Origin of 'chromatin'

Main points about word origin

  • The term comes from the Greek word 'chroma', which means color, since chromatin can be stained to show up under a microscope.
  • Introduced in the late 19th century by German scientist Walther Flemming, who studied cell division.

The term 'chromatin' was coined in the late 19th century, derived from the Greek word 'chroma' meaning 'color' due to its affinity for stains. Scientists first observed chromatin when preparing histological slides of cells. The distinctive staining property led to the realization that chromatin consists of both DNA and protein, allowing it to be easily visualized under a microscope during cell division. Over the years, the importance of chromatin in genetic regulation and expression has been increasingly recognized, leading to extensive research in molecular biology and genetics, particularly in understanding how chromatin structure influences gene activity and cell function.

Word Frequency Rank

At position #14,461, this word is part of sophisticated English vocabulary. It's useful for academic or professional contexts where precise language is needed.