TRNA Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
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tRNA
[หtฤ หรคr หen หฤ ]
Definition
molecule involved in protein synthesis
tRNA, or transfer RNA, is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. It carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon region that pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA.
Examples of usage
- tRNA plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis.
- The anticodon of tRNA base-pairs with the codon on mRNA.
- Without tRNA, protein synthesis would not be possible.
Translations
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Interesting Facts
Biology
- Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon that matches a corresponding codon in mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added.
- There are about 61 different tRNA types, each corresponding to a standard amino acid, showcasing the diversity needed for protein creation.
- tRNA performs its functions in the ribosome, the molecular machine that assembles proteins from amino acids.
Science
- The interaction between tRNA and mRNA is a crucial step in the process of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins.
- tRNA acts as a molecular adaptor in the central dogma of molecular biology, bridging the gap between genetic code and protein synthesis.
- Researchers study tRNA to better understand genetic diseases and to develop new therapies in biotechnology.
Technology
- Tools like CRISPR gene editing rely on understanding tRNA to engineer specific proteins for therapeutic purposes.
- Synthetic biology often incorporates tRNA to create engineered cells that produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels.
- Advancements in protein engineering leverage tRNA biology to manufacture better drugs and diagnostics.
Pop Culture
- tRNA is often depicted in educational animations as part of the 'protein synthesis' process, highlighting its role in health and nutrition media.
- In recent years, documentaries about genetics have included discussions on tRNA to explain how genes translate into proteins.
- The importance of tRNA isn't just academic; it underscores popular discussions around genetic research and biotechnology ethics.
Origin of 'tRNA'
Main points about word origin
- The 't' in tRNA stands for 'transfer,' highlighting its role in transferring amino acids during protein synthesis.
- tRNA was first identified in the 1960s and provided a significant insight into how proteins are built in living organisms.
- Its structure was revealed by scientists Peter B. Moore and others through X-ray crystallography in the 1970s.
The discovery of tRNA dates back to the 1950s when scientists were investigating the process of protein synthesis. They found that there were small RNA molecules that were crucial for translating the genetic code into proteins. Over the years, further research has revealed the intricate role of tRNA in the cell's machinery for building proteins. Its importance in the central dogma of molecular biology has solidified its place as a fundamental component of life.