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Subjunctive: meaning, definitions and examples

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subjunctive

 

[səbˈdʒʌŋktɪv ]

Definitions

Context #1 | Noun

grammar mood

The subjunctive is a grammatical mood used to express hypothetical situations, wishes, demands, or suggestions. It differs from the indicative mood, which is used for stating facts, and the imperative mood, which is used for commands. In English, the subjunctive is most commonly found in certain clauses and with specific verbs, such as 'suggest,' 'wish,' and 'demand.' Though less prominent in modern usage, it remains significant in formal writing and certain expressions.

Synonyms

conditional, hypothetical, wishful.

Examples of usage

  • I wish she were here.
  • It is essential that he be present.
  • If I were you, I would take it.
  • I suggest that she study harder.
  • He demanded that she leave.
Context #2 | Noun

mood of verbs

In linguistics, the subjunctive mood refers to a verb form that expresses a situation that is not necessarily real. It is used in some languages to indicate wishes, demands, or unreal situations. In English, it is often marked by the base form of the verb and is predominantly found in dependent clauses.

Synonyms

irrealis, non-factual, unreal.

Examples of usage

  • If he were president, he'd improve education.
  • I suggest that you take the day off.
  • Would that I were a billionaire!
  • It's crucial that she stay focused.
  • I wish it were sunny today.

Interesting Facts

Etymology

  • The term 'subjunctive' comes from Latin 'subjunctivus', meaning 'joined under' or 'to join'—showing its role in relating ideas.
  • The concept developed in grammar as early as the 12th century, reflecting a shift towards more complex sentence structures in the language.
  • Its first recorded use in English appeared in the early 14th century, showcasing how language evolves to express more nuanced thoughts.

Grammar

  • In English, the subjunctive mood is often used in phrases that express necessity, such as 'It is essential that he be present.'
  • Languages like Spanish and French have a more prominent subjunctive form than English, treating it as a core part of the conjugation system.
  • Subjunctive is less commonly used in everyday English today, but it still appears in formal writing and specific expressions.

Cultural Impact

  • The use of the subjunctive mood can vary greatly among cultures, influencing how people perceive uncertainty and desire.
  • In literature, the subjunctive has been employed to create compelling narratives where characters express longing or unfulfilled dreams.
  • Articulation of hope and wishful thinking in songs and poetry often makes use of the subjunctive, illustrating human emotions beyond reality.

Psychology

  • Research suggests that using the subjunctive can reflect a person’s ability to think hypothetically, often linked to creativity.
  • The expressions of wishes or possibilities through the subjunctive might enhance empathy as we reflect on alternative scenarios.
  • Studies show that use of hypothetical language can affect decision-making and problem-solving skills, inviting broader thinking.

Translations

Translations of the word "subjunctive" in other languages:

🇵🇹 subjuntivo

🇮🇳 संभाव्य काल (sambhavy kaal)

🇩🇪 Konjunktiv

🇮🇩 subjungtif

🇺🇦 суб'єктивний настрій

🇵🇱 subjunktiv

🇯🇵 接続法 (せつぞくほう, setsuzokuhō)

🇫🇷 subjonctif

🇪🇸 subjuntivo

🇹🇷 şart kipi

🇰🇷 접속법 (jeobsokbeop)

🇸🇦 صيغة شرطية (ṣīghat ʿarḍiyyah)

🇨🇿 subjunktiv

🇸🇰 subjunktív

🇨🇳 虚拟语气 (xūnǐ yǔqì)

🇸🇮 subjunktiv

🇮🇸 svoðugur

🇰🇿 шартты рай

🇬🇪 სუბიექტივური (subiekt'ivuri)

🇦🇿 şərtli zaman

🇲🇽 subjuntivo

Word Frequency Rank

With rank #19,227, this word belongs to specialized vocabulary. While not common in everyday speech, it enriches your ability to express complex ideas.