Ruminate: meaning, definitions and examples

Used when someone is deeply thinking over something, often related to problems or situations. It has a contemplative and sometimes repetitive aspect.

• She tends to ruminate on her past mistakes before making decisions
• He ruminated on the consequences of his actions all night

Best used when considering something thoughtfully, often with a sense of calm and deliberate intention. It can be about future actions or serious ideas.

• He contemplated a career change after much thought
• She spent hours contemplating the beauty of the painting

Often more casual and involves taking time to think about something before making a decision. It is used for everyday decisions or ideas.

• I need some time to mull over your proposal
• She's mulling over what to do this weekend

Expresses a thoughtful consideration that is often serious and can be about abstract or complex issues. It is similar to 'contemplate' but suggests more depth.

• He pondered the meaning of life for hours
• She pondered over the difficult choices that lay ahead

This word is used for deep thinking or contemplation, often over a prolonged period.

• She likes to ruminate on philosophical questions.
• After the meeting, he spent hours ruminating over the proposed changes.

Commonly used in everyday situations when talking about the physical act of breaking down food with teeth.

• Make sure to chew your food properly before swallowing.
• The dog loves to chew on its toys.

A more formal or scientific term for the act of chewing, often used in medical or technical contexts.

• Humans masticate food to aid in digestion.
• The dentist told him to masticate his food thoroughly to prevent tooth decay.