Retable: meaning, definitions and examples

Etymology

• The word comes from the Latin 'retabulum', meaning 'to cover' or 'to protect', indicating its role as a protective table for sacred items.
• In Old French, 'retable' retained the same meaning, maintaining links between languages as religious practices spread.
• The term has been used in English since the early 15th century, highlighting the cultural exchange during the Renaissance.

Art History

• Retables were often intricate works, displaying paintings or sculptures that illustrated biblical stories and saints.
• They served both a practical purpose in the liturgy and a decorative one, making the church visually appealing and spiritually enriching.
• Notable styles of retables include Gothic, Baroque, and Renaissance, each reflecting the artistic trends of their respective periods.

Religious Significance

• Retables are usually found behind the altar and focus the attention of worshippers during services.
• Often, they contain relics, enhancing the spiritual atmosphere of the space, inviting reflection and reverence.
• The arrangement and iconography used on a retable can vary greatly, representing the beliefs and practices of different denominations.

Cultural Impact

• Throughout history, retables have influenced the design of many European churches, becoming central to their architectural aesthetics.
• Some modern artists have revisited the concept of the retable, blending traditional themes with contemporary styles to engage today's audience.
• In addition to churches, the concept has been applied in secular spaces, where it can serve as a focal point for exhibitions or memorials.

Construction and Materials

• Traditional retables are often made from wood or stone and can be richly painted or gilded to enhance their beauty.
• Some retables feature inlaid materials, such as marble or precious metals, showcasing incredible craftsmanship and artistry.
• Today, you can find both historical and contemporary retables in museums, as they are significant artefacts of religious heritage.