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Radiocarbon Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations

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radiocarbon

[ˌreɪdioʊˈkɑːrbən ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

scientific measurement

Radiocarbon, also known as carbon-14, is a radioactive isotope of carbon that is used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of organic materials. It is produced in the atmosphere when cosmic rays interact with nitrogen-14. Living organisms constantly exchange carbon with their environment, so the ratio of radiocarbon to regular carbon in a sample remains constant while the organism is alive. After death, the radiocarbon begins to decay at a known rate, allowing scientists to estimate the time since death based on the remaining amount of radiocarbon present. This method is widely used in archaeology, geology, and other fields for dating ancient artifacts and remains.

Synonyms

Carbon-14, radioactive carbon.

Examples of usage

  • Radiocarbon dating can reveal the age of ancient relics.
  • The measurement of radiocarbon levels provides insight into past climate changes.
  • Researchers use radiocarbon to date organic materials from the Holocene era.

Translations

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Interesting Facts

Science

  • Radiocarbon dating measures the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive isotope, allowing dating of organic materials up to about 50,000 years old.
  • The technique relies on the fact that living organisms absorb carbon, including carbon-14, from the atmosphere, which starts to decay after they die.

History

  • This dating method revolutionized archaeology in the mid-20th century by providing a way to date historical artifacts accurately.
  • It has helped confirm historical timelines, like the dating of ancient Egyptian mummies and prehistoric cultures.

Impact on Society

  • The method has influenced fields beyond archaeology, such as geology and climate science, by dating past climate changes.
  • It supports studies around climate change, helping predict the future by understanding past ecosystems.

Pop Culture

  • Radiocarbon dating has appeared in numerous documentaries and films about history and archaeology, showcasing its significance.
  • It sparked interest in science among the public, inspiring books and movies that explore time travel or ancient civilizations.

Origin of 'radiocarbon'

Main points about word origin

  • The term combines 'radio-', from 'radiation', which relates to energy emitted from atoms, and 'carbon', which is the basic element of life.
  • Developed in the 1940s, the name reflects its discovery during the Cold War, when scientists were exploring nuclear reactions.

The term 'radiocarbon' was first introduced in the mid-20th century as scientists began to explore the properties and potential applications of this isotope. Carbon-14 was discovered by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben in 1940, during experiments involving nuclear reactions. The ability to date materials using radiocarbon became revolutionary, particularly in archaeology, where it enabled researchers to establish timelines for ancient human civilizations. The concept of using the natural decay of carbon-14 for dating has roots in the discoveries of nuclear physics, which gained prominence during and after World War II. Over the years, advancements in measurement techniques have refined radiocarbon dating, increasing its accuracy and expanding its use across different scientific disciplines.

Word Frequency Rank

Positioned at #20,464, this word is part of extensive vocabulary. It's relatively rare in general usage but may be important in specific fields or formal writing.