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Radioactivity: meaning, definitions and examples

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radioactivity

 

[ ˌreɪ.di.oʊˈæk.tɪ.vɪ.ti ]

Noun
Context #1 | Noun

science term

Radioactivity is the process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation. This radiation can take the form of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. The phenomenon is a key feature of certain elements and is fundamental in fields such as nuclear physics, medicine, and energy production.

Synonyms

emission, nuclear decay, radiation

Examples of usage

  • The study of radioactivity has led to significant advances in medicine.
  • Radioactivity is a natural process that can be found in certain elements.
  • Scientists measure the level of radioactivity in various materials.

Etymology

The term 'radioactivity' was coined in 1898 by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie while they were researching the properties of radioactive materials. The term stems from the Latin 'radius,' meaning ‘ray’, and ‘activity’, indicating the process of emitting radiation. The discovery of radioactivity was pivotal for both the understanding of atomic structure and the development of nuclear physics. Early studies by scientists like Henri Becquerel laid the groundwork for the Curies' more extensive research, which ultimately led to the identification of several radioactive elements, including radium and polonium. This pioneering work not only earned Marie Curie two Nobel Prizes but also opened the door to future applications in medical treatments, radiological imaging, and nuclear energy, marking a significant milestone in both science and technology.

Word Frequency Rank

Ranked #10,483, this word falls into high-advanced vocabulary. It appears less frequently but is valuable for expressing precise meanings in specific contexts.