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Polysemy: meaning, definitions and examples

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polysemy

 

[ˌpɒlɪˈsiːmi ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

linguistics term

Polysemy refers to the phenomenon where a single word or phrase has multiple meanings that are related by extension. It is a common feature in many languages, where context determines which meaning is intended in a given situation.

Synonyms

ambiguity, multiple meanings, semantic range.

Examples of usage

  • The word 'bank' is an example of polysemy, as it can refer to a financial institution or the side of a river.
  • Polysemy plays a crucial role in poetry, where words may convey various meanings.
  • In linguistics, understanding polysemy is essential for accurate communication.
  • The word 'light' can mean both illumination and something that is not heavy, demonstrating polysemy.

Interesting Facts

Etymology

  • The word comes from Greek, where 'poly' means 'many' and 'semous' means 'significant' or 'meaning'.
  • It has been used in English since the early 20th century, but the concept existed long before.
  • In linguistics, understanding polysemy helps in exploring how language evolves and adapts.

Linguistic Significance

  • Polysemy is common in English; for instance, 'bat' can refer to a flying mammal or a piece of sports equipment.
  • Differentiating meanings is essential in communication, as context helps clarify which meaning is intended.
  • It contributes to language richness, allowing playful use of words in poetry, puns, and everyday conversation.

Psychology of Language

  • Research shows that context cues in language can affect how quickly we retrieve meanings of polysemous words.
  • Cognitive processing models explore how people understand multiple meanings based on their experiences.
  • Polysemy can lead to ambiguity, which can either create humor or confusion in communication.

Literature

  • Writers often use polysemy to enrich their narratives, allowing for deeper interpretations of text.
  • Poems and stories may rely on multiple meanings to evoke emotions or provoke thought.
  • Famous authors like Shakespeare frequently employed polysemous terms to add layers to their work.

Cultural Influence

  • Different cultures might interpret a polysemous word differently based on their unique contexts and values.
  • In some cultures, certain words might carry multiple meanings linked to traditions, history, or local dialects.
  • Expressions that involve polysemous words reflect cultural nuances, making cross-cultural communication interesting yet challenging.

Word Frequency Rank

This word's position of #33,854 indicates it's among the more rare English words. While understanding it broadens your vocabulary, focus on more common words first.