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Phosphorylate: meaning, definitions and examples

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phosphorylate

 

[ fɒsfəˌreɪt ]

Verb
Context #1 | Verb

biochemistry process

Phosphorylate refers to the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, often a protein or other organic molecule. This process is crucial in regulating the activity of enzymes and receptors, ultimately influencing various cellular functions.

Synonyms

add phosphate, modify, phosphate.

Examples of usage

  • The enzyme will phosphorylate the substrate to initiate the reaction.
  • Phosphorylation can alter the function of proteins.
  • Insulin activates pathways that phosphorylate glucose transporters.
  • Cells use kinases to phosphorylate specific amino acids.

Etymology

The term 'phosphorylate' is derived from the root word 'phosphate', which comes from the French word 'phosphate' and the Greek word 'phosphoros', meaning 'light bearer', referring to phosphorus's role in various life processes. The term began to appear in scientific literature in the mid-20th century as researchers gained deeper insights into cellular processes and the significance of phosphorylation in signal transduction and metabolic pathways. Initially, it described the addition of phosphates to carbohydrates and lipids, but later, it extended to proteins, leading to a broader understanding of its impact on cellular regulation. Understanding phosphorylation has become integral to biochemistry and molecular biology, shedding light on how cells communicate and regulate life-sustaining functions.

Word Frequency Rank

Ranking #35,159, this word is encountered relatively rarely in everyday English. It might appear in literary works or specialized texts but isn't essential for general communication.