Peruke - Definition, Meaning, and Examples in English

Definition

^{Context #1 | Noun}

hair accessory

A peruke is an old-fashioned type of wig that was particularly popular in the 17th and 18th centuries. These wigs were often elaborate and made from human or animal hair, styled in intricate ways. Perukes were worn by men and women, signifying social status and fashion. They were commonly used during the Baroque period and were a key element of formal attire, especially among the aristocracy and in court settings.

Synonyms

hairpiece, toupee, wig.

Examples of usage

He donned a peruke for the masquerade ball.
In the painting, the gentleman is depicted wearing a grand peruke.
During the historical reenactment, participants wore authentic perukes.
The theater production featured actors in elaborate perukes.

Interesting Facts

Historical Origins

The word 'peruke' comes from the French term 'perruque', which itself is derived from the Latin word 'pilus' meaning hair.
Perukes were first popularized in Europe during the reign of Louis XIII in France, who wore one to cover his baldness.
By the 18th century, perukes became highly stylized and were often powdered to create a white appearance reflecting a fashionable look.

Fashion Trends

Wearing a peruke was a sign of high social status; only the wealthy could afford the elaborate styles and maintenance.
Different styles of perukes indicated different societal roles—from judges to soldiers, each had distinct designs.
As styles evolved, perukes became associated with flamboyance, often featuring curls and large sizes that made bold statements.

Cultural Significance

Perukes were integral during the Enlightenment, symbolizing the era's sophistication and the blending of art with daily life.
In England, the sight of powdered wigs became iconic, especially among the judiciary and aristocratic classes, representing authority.
By the late 18th century, the trend of wearing perukes declined with the rise of natural hairstyles and the belief in simplicity.

Scientific Perspective

The materials used for making perukes evolved over time—from human hair to animal fibers, influencing texture and style.
Wig-making was an intricate craft involving skills in hairdressing and tailoring, showing the blend of science and art.
Studies of historical wigs provide insights into hygiene, fashion evolution, and even the social dynamics of different eras.

Literature and Art

Perukes have made appearances in various literary works, often symbolizing wealth, vanity, or social commentary in the context of character portrayal.
Art from this period frequently includes figures adorned with perukes, highlighting their significance in representing idealized beauty and social norms.
Famous portraits of figures like George Washington and Marie Antoinette often emphasize their perukes, showcasing their importance in identity and status.

Origin of 'peruke'

The word 'peruke' originates from the French word 'perruque,' which itself is derived from the Old French term 'peruke' or 'perruque,' referring to the wig worn by men. The use of wigs became fashionable in France during the reign of Louis XIII in the 17th century, when his thinning hair led to the adoption of wigs as a means to maintain a respectable appearance. Over time, the trend spread across Europe, particularly among the aristocracy and the upper classes. These wigs ranged from simple to highly elaborate styles and were often adorned with decorations. The term evolved in English to refer specifically to the more formal styles of wigs that became synonymous with gentlemanly fashion and societal status in that historical context. The popularity of the peruke declined towards the end of the 18th century as hairstyles returned to more natural looks, and wigs became less common in everyday life.

Peruke Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations