Perpendicularity Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
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perpendicularity
[ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjʊˈlærɪti ]
Definitions
in geometry
The condition of being perpendicular; the property of being at right angles.
Synonyms
orthogonality, right angles.
Examples of usage
- The perpendicularity of the two lines allowed us to easily determine the intersection point.
- She measured the perpendicularity of the walls to ensure they were straight.
in architecture
The quality of being perpendicular or vertical; upright position.
Synonyms
Examples of usage
- The architect emphasized the importance of perpendicularity in the design of the building.
- It is crucial to maintain the perpendicularity of the columns for structural stability.
Translations
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Interesting Facts
Mathematics
- In geometry, two lines that intersect at right angles are called perpendicular lines, which is crucial for defining shapes like squares and rectangles.
- In coordinate geometry, the slope of two perpendicular lines is the negative reciprocal of each other, which means if one line slopes up, the other slopes down.
- Perpendicularity is also essential for understanding three-dimensional space, where planes can be perpendicular to each other.
Architecture
- Perpendicularity is vital in construction; it ensures that walls are built straight and that structures are stable and safe.
- In Gothic architecture, tall cathedrals often showcase perpendicular lines, emphasizing verticality to direct the viewer's eyes upward.
- The 'perpendicular style' in architecture refers to a period in English Gothic architecture characterized by strong vertical lines.
Physics
- In physics, perpendicular forces can result in unique outcomes; for example, if two forces act perpendicular to each other, their effects combine maximally.
- The concept of perpendicularity is important in understanding vectors, where two vectors can be perpendicular, leading to important results in mechanics.
- When light hits a surface at a perpendicular angle, it reflects straight back, which is essential in designing optical instruments.
Art
- Artists often use perpendicular lines to create perspective in drawings, making objects appear three-dimensional.
- Many modern art movements, such as Cubism, explore the play of perpendicular lines and forms to challenge perceptions of reality.
- In graphic design, using perpendicular alignment helps create a balanced and visually appealing layout.
Origin of 'perpendicularity'
Main points about word origin
- The word comes from the Latin 'perpendiculum', meaning 'a plumb line', which helped builders create straight vertical lines.
- It became part of English vocabulary in the 17th century, originally used in geometry and construction.
- The prefix 'per-' means through, and 'pend' relates to hanging, indicating the idea of something being directly vertical from a horizontal line.
The word "perpendicularity" originates from the Latin word "perpendicularis", which means "vertical". It has been used in geometry and architecture to describe the relationship of lines or structures that meet at right angles. The concept of perpendicularity has been fundamental in various fields, including mathematics, engineering, and design, for creating accurate and stable structures.
See also: perpendicularly.