Permeation: meaning, definitions and examples

Permeation is often used in scientific or technical contexts to describe the process by which substances filter through materials or membranes, typically in a uniform and steady manner.

• The permeation of water through the soil is essential for plant growth
• Scientists are studying the permeation of gases through different types of barriers

Penetration is typically used to describe the act or process of piercing or entering a surface or space forcibly or with a distinct impact. It is often used in medical, technological, and military contexts.

• The penetration of the needle into the skin was quick and almost painless
• Cybersecurity experts are working to prevent unauthorized penetration of the system

Infiltration is often used in environmental science, engineering, and military contexts to describe the process of entering or permeating a substance, space, or group, sometimes carrying a connotation of stealth or subversion.

• The infiltration of rainwater into the groundwater is crucial for maintaining the water table
• The spies planned their infiltration carefully to avoid detection

Diffusion is commonly used to describe the natural spreading of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, frequently used in chemistry, physics, and biology.

• The diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream occurs in the lungs
• Over time, the fragrance of the flowers diffused throughout the entire room

Used when something spreads or passes through a material, typically in a uniform or extensive manner. Commonly used in scientific and technical contexts.

• The permeation of moisture through the wall can cause damage
• The permeation rate of the chemical was monitored carefully

Describes the process of physically entering or piercing through something, sometimes with force. Can be used in various contexts including technical, military, and market contexts.

• The penetration of the drill through the metal was quick
• The company's market penetration increased rapidly over the year

Often used when an unwanted or harmful substance enters a place or substance, usually with a connotation of sneaking in or gradually invading. Commonly used in environmental science and security contexts.

• The infiltration of bacteria into the water supply is a health risk
• The spy's infiltration of the organization went undetected for years

Refers to the process of a substance spreading out to evenly fill its container or environment. Frequently used in scientific contexts, especially in chemistry and biology.

• The diffusion of the perfume filled the entire room
• Oxygen diffusion through cell membranes is crucial for respiration