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Perihelion Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations

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perihelion

[ˌpɛrɪˈhiːliən ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

astronomy term

Perihelion refers to the point in the orbit of a celestial body, such as a planet or comet, where it is closest to the Sun. This occurs due to the elliptical shape of orbits as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. During this closest approach, the celestial body experiences increased gravitational pull from the Sun and typically moves faster in its orbit. The exact timing of perihelion can differ for each orbiting body and is important for understanding seasonal changes on planets.

Synonyms

solar closest approach.

Examples of usage

  • Earth reaches perihelion every January.
  • Comets can have varying perihelion distances.
  • The perihelion effect influences the climate on Earth.
  • Astronomers calculate perihelion for orbital predictions.

Translations

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Interesting Facts

Astronomy

  • Earth reaches its perihelion around January 3rd each year, during winter for the Northern Hemisphere.
  • The distance from the sun at perihelion varies slightly from year to year due to gravitational interactions with other celestial bodies.
  • Mercury has the most eccentric orbit among planets, leading to a considerable difference between its perihelion and aphelion (the point farthest from the sun).

Space Exploration

  • Space missions, such as those to comets and asteroids, often plan maneuvers to take advantage of gravitational assists when approaching perihelion.
  • Understanding perihelion helps scientists predict changes in a comet's visibility and trajectory, vital for planning observational campaigns.
  • The JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) often models perihelion passes to optimize spacecraft speeds and fuel efficiency during missions.

Cultural Significance

  • Historical figures like Johannes Kepler studied planetary motion and noted the importance of various orbital points, including perihelion.
  • In art and literature, the journey of the planets and their relationship with the sun is a metaphor for change and ephemerality, where perihelion symbolizes moments of greatest influence.
  • Festivals and traditions in various cultures often align with seasonal changes connected to solar positions, subtly reflecting perihelion's effect on Earth's climate.

Origin of 'perihelion'

Main points about word origin

  • The term 'perihelion' comes from the Greek words 'peri', meaning 'around', and 'helios', meaning 'sun'.
  • It first appeared in English around the early 17th century, reflecting the growing interest in astronomy during the scientific revolution.
  • Many other celestial terms follow a similar pattern, combining descriptive Greek or Latin roots.

The term 'perihelion' originates from the Greek words 'peri,' meaning 'near,' and 'helios,' meaning 'sun.' The concept has been used in astronomy since the early understanding of planetary orbits. It was popularized in the 17th century alongside the advancement of heliocentrism, which positioned the Sun at the center of the solar system. Understanding perihelion has been crucial for astronomers like Johannes Kepler, who formulated laws governing the motion of planets. As telescope technology evolved, the precise measurement of perihelion became essential for calculating the orbits of newly discovered celestial bodies, enhancing our knowledge of the solar system's dynamics.

Word Frequency Rank

At rank #26,944, this word represents specialized academic or technical vocabulary. It's less frequently encountered but may be valuable in specific contexts.