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Parathyroid Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations

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parathyroid

[ˌpærəˈθaɪrɔɪd ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

anatomy and physiology

The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands located in the neck, usually behind the thyroid gland. They are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a crucial role in maintaining the calcium balance by increasing the release of calcium from bones, enhancing the absorption of calcium in the intestines, and decreasing the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys. Any dysfunction in these glands can lead to calcium imbalances, causing various health issues.

Synonyms

none.

Examples of usage

  • The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels.
  • She had surgery to remove a parathyroid tumor.
  • Parathyroid hormone helps maintain bone health.

Translations

To see the translation, please select a language from the options available.

Interesting Facts

Science

  • Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels, influencing many bodily functions including muscle contraction.
  • The human body typically has four parathyroid glands, giving them a vital role in regulating not only calcium but also phosphorus levels.

Health

  • Disorders of the parathyroid can lead to conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, where too much hormone causes elevated calcium levels, potentially harming bones and organs.
  • Conversely, hypoparathyroidism occurs when these glands are inactive, leading to low calcium levels and muscle spasms.

Anatomy

  • Parathyroid glands are usually about the size of a grain of rice and are located on the back of the thyroid gland in the neck.
  • Despite being so small, their impact on the body is significant, influencing heart function, nerve signaling, and bone health.

Cultural References

  • The parathyroid hormone's discovery won its discoverers significant acclaim in the 1920s, highlighting the importance of understanding hormonal functions.
  • In popular science literature, the role of parathyroid glands is often overshadowed by the more well-known thyroid, making it an interesting topic of discussion.

Origin of 'parathyroid'

Main points about word origin

  • The term 'parathyroid' comes from Greek roots, where 'para' means 'beside' and 'thyroid' refers to the thyroid gland.
  • The first use of the word in medical literature dates back to the early 20th century, marking its recognition in anatomy.

The term 'parathyroid' comes from the prefix 'para-' meaning 'beside' and the Greek word 'thyreoeides', which translates to 'thyroid shape' referring to the thyroid gland, which the parathyroid glands are adjacent to. The first documented discovery of parathyroid glands occurred in the early 19th century, with their function being elucidated later in the century. Their role in calcium metabolism was progressively understood, particularly through studies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that linked parathyroid hormone to bone health and calcium homeostasis. This understanding was critical in the development of treatments for various disorders related to calcium imbalance, including hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.

Word Frequency Rank

With rank #18,187, this word belongs to specialized vocabulary. While not common in everyday speech, it enriches your ability to express complex ideas.