Maleficence: meaning, definitions and examples

Etymology

• The word comes from the Latin 'maleficentia', where 'male' means 'bad' and 'facere' means 'to do'.
• It has been used in English since the 17th century, often in legal and moral discussions.
• Unlike some words that describe actions, this term specifically focuses on the intent to cause harm.

Ethics

• In ethical discussions, maleficence contrasts with beneficence, which focuses on promoting good.
• It's a key concept in bioethics, particularly in healthcare, where it's crucial to avoid harming patients.
• Maleficence can influence legal outcomes, as intent to cause harm can be a significant factor in criminal law.

Literature

• Many classic tales portray characters embodying maleficence, representing the struggle between good and evil.
• Shakespeare's villains often showcase maleficence, illustrating its impact on the plot and character development.
• In modern literature, anti-heroes may embark on acts of maleficence, challenging traditional notions of morality.

Pop Culture

• The character Maleficent from Disney's 'Sleeping Beauty' and various adaptations symbolizes maleficence as an act of revenge.
• In popular movies and shows, themes of maleficence often lead to epic battles between heroes and villains.
• Video games frequently depict antagonists whose maleficence drives the story, providing players with a clear conflict.

Psychology

• Psychological studies on morality examine why individuals may choose maleficence over benevolence.
• Maleficence can be linked to certain personality traits, such as Machiavellianism, where manipulation is used to achieve one's ends.
• Understanding maleficence helps in therapeutic settings to address harmful behaviors and promote more constructive actions.