Chromosome Meaning: Definition, Examples, and Translations
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chromosome
[ˈkɹoʊ.məˌsoʊm ]
Definition
genetics study
A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where they help regulate the transmission of genetic traits during cell division. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46. Each chromosome contains many genes, which are specific sequences of DNA that code for proteins.
Synonyms
DNA strand, genetic material.
Examples of usage
- Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
- Chromosomes play a crucial role in heredity.
- Damage to chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders.
Translations
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Origin of 'chromosome'
The term 'chromosome' derives from the Greek words 'chroma', meaning color, and 'soma', meaning body. The term was first introduced in the late 19th century by German zoologist Wilhelm Waldeyer, who observed the colored structures formed during cell division. Initially, chromosomes were thought to just be a simple form of nuclear material. However, further studies revealed their intricate role in inheritance and genetic variation. The observation of chromosomes became an essential part of cytogenetics, which is the study of chromosomes and their role in heredity. Today, the study of chromosomes is crucial for understanding genetic diseases, evolutionary biology, and the complexities of life.