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Archaeology: meaning, definitions and examples

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archaeology

 

[ɑːr.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi ]

Definition

Context #1 | Noun

academic field

Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts, structures, and cultural landscapes. It aims to understand past human behaviors, contexts, and social structures by examining material remains. This method of inquiry provides insights into how ancient civilizations lived, worked, and interacted with their environments. Archaeologists employ various scientific techniques, including radiocarbon dating, to determine the age of finds and reconstruct historical narratives.

Synonyms

anthropology, historical science, prehistory.

Examples of usage

  • The archaeology of ancient Egypt reveals remarkable insights into pharaohs.
  • She decided to pursue a degree in archaeology to explore ancient cultures.
  • The site underwent detailed archaeology to uncover artifacts from the Bronze Age.

Interesting Facts

Etymology

  • The word comes from the Greek words 'archaios' meaning 'ancient' and 'logos' meaning 'study'.
  • It first appeared in the English language during the early 19th century as a formal field of study.

Historical Significance

  • The field has revealed important details about human history, such as the use of tools by early humans more than 2 million years ago.
  • Excavations in places like Mesopotamia have uncovered the ruins of one of the world’s first civilizations, Sumer.

Pop Culture

  • Archaeology is a popular theme in films and books; the character Indiana Jones has made the field adventurous and accessible to the public.
  • Video games like 'Tomb Raider' incorporate archaeological themes, combining adventure with real-world history.

Scientific Techniques

  • Modern archaeology often uses technology like satellite imagery and ground-penetrating radar to find sites.
  • Carbon dating is a vital method used to determine the age of ancient artifacts and remains.

Environmental Studies

  • Archaeologists study ancient human impacts on the environment, which can inform how we address current environmental issues.
  • The study of past agricultural practices has changed how we understand sustainable farming today.

Translations

Translations of the word "archaeology" in other languages:

🇵🇹 arqueologia

🇮🇳 पुरातत्व

🇩🇪 Archäologie

🇮🇩 arkeologi

🇺🇦 археологія

🇵🇱 archeologia

🇯🇵 考古学

🇫🇷 archéologie

🇪🇸 arqueología

🇹🇷 arkeoloji

🇰🇷 고고학

🇸🇦 علم الآثار

🇨🇿 archeologie

🇸🇰 archeológia

🇨🇳 考古学

🇸🇮 arheologija

🇮🇸 fornleifafræði

🇰🇿 археология

🇬🇪 არქეოლოგია

🇦🇿 arkeologiya

🇲🇽 arqueología

Word Frequency Rank

Ranked #11,004, this word falls into high-advanced vocabulary. It appears less frequently but is valuable for expressing precise meanings in specific contexts.